This case highlights the early recognition and management of IgA vasculitis in pediatric patients. It aims to explore potential contributing factors, including prematurity, which may increase susceptibility to this condition.

We present a case of a seven-year-old female child with a recent history of streptococcal pharyngitis, who developed a purpuric rash and joint pain following antibiotic treatment. Initial symptoms included fever, throat pain, and vomiting, for which she received amoxicillin. After the onset of rash and joint pain, further diagnostic evaluation included physical examination and laboratory tests, which revealed erythematous, edematous, and purpuric lesions on the extremities, periarticular swelling in the knees and ankles, and hematuria. Differential diagnoses considered were IgA vasculitis, acute urticaria, acute glomerulonephritis, and idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura.

The patient’s condition initially worsened despite treatment with azithromycin and prednisolone. New symptoms, including fatigue, abdominal pain, and the spread of purpuric lesions, were noted. Hospital admission was recommended; however, the patient's mother opted for alternative care. The progression of the case emphasizes the challenges in managing pediatric IgA vasculitis and its potential complications, especially when care continuity is disrupted.

This case underscores the importance of early and accurate diagnosis of IgA vasculitis in children, particularly following streptococcal infections. Additionally, the case presents a possible link between prematurity and increased vulnerability to IgA vasculitis, though further research is needed to clarify this association. Prematurity may play a role in immune dysregulation, leading to a heightened susceptibility to vasculitic conditions like IgA vasculitis.